Navajo Tribe Issues Essay -- American History Native American

Residing in the Southwest United States, the Navajo Indian tribe is one of the largest tribes in America today. In their own language, they refer to themselves as uproar which means the people. They are an old tribe with descendants tracing their roots back to the thirteenth century. The first contact that the Navajos had with white settlers was during the Mexican American War in 1846. The United States conducted peaceful relations with the Navajo for oer fifteen years. Forts were built to help protect the Navajo from Spanish/Mexican raids on the Navajos cattle. Eventually, a new military commander, James H. Carleton, was named in New Mexico and he began to raid Navajo lands with a vengeance. He ordered the Navajo to surrender. When the majority of the Navajo refused, their crops were destroyed and they were forced to leave their lands in what is called The Long Walk. They were forced to a reservation in Fort Sumter, New Mexico some 300 miles away. The reservation failed because i t was designed to support four to basketball team thousand but there were nine thousand Navajos that were displaced onto the reservation. Finally a treaty was developed that included parts of their homeland as the reservation and the Navajo were thence allowed to return to the new reservation. For the most part, the Native Americans prospered with a few skirmishes from white settlers. The prosperity didnt last as the U.S. government decided that the Navajo cattle were overgrazing the land. Immediately, over eighty percent of all the livestock was exterminated in what was called The Navajo Livestock Reduction. This was a low blow to the Navajos, culturally and economically. The government then started to discover to mainstream the Navajo tribe by placing childre... ...28, 2010, from http//jn.nutrition.org/content/127/10/2114S.fullThe Navajo Nation - Services Page. (n.d.). The Navajo Nation - Home page. Retrieved November 27, 2010, from http//www.navajo.org/services.htmnewsThe Te chnology Opportunities Program. (n.d.). National Telecommunications and Information Administration. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http//www.ntia.doc.gov/otiahome/top/index.htmlWorld Facts and Figures - gross domestic product per capita by country. (n.d.). World Facts and Figures. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http//www.worldfactsandfigures.com/gdp_country_desc.phpYurth, C. (n.d.). The Navajo Times Online - Education For 40 years, an Indiana University program has provided dedicated teachers to Navajo. navajotimes.com - The newspaper of the Navajo People. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http//www.navajotimes.com/education/2010/0810/081910teach.php

Descartes and Dualism Essay -- Dualism Essays

Descartes and Dualism   I think therefore I am, the well known quote of Rene Descartes, is the basis of his theory known as dualism.  The intermingling of sound judgment and body or res extensa (extended substance) and res cogitans (thinking substance) displays Descartes ideas of a genuine human being (Cottingham 7).  Known as the father of modern philosophy, Descartes realized that one could not analyze a problem simply on the common sense level, but that one must probe to the micro-level (Cottingham 4).   Through his technique of doubting everything which he believed to exist and establishing a new philosophy, Descartes discovered that without a doubt, the only thing he could truly believe to exist was his own mind. He then suppose that a goliath was deceiving him by causing him to believe that which he saw.  With this idea, he concluded all external things are merely the delusions of dreams (Descartes Meditations as cited in Cottingham 23) which the demon has devised. By being able to convince himself of ideas and by being able to be deceived b...

Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc

Can the nation-state and culture desegregate forces to reduce interpersonal fury in the West?Violence is a difficult border to define, but for the purposes of this assignment military force can be specify as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative visible or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western order has been increasing steady and has become a study concern for many nations. Increasingly, overmuch of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crimes by young people atomic number 18 no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in unfounded crime in the last few decades has been attach to by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous vio lence that whitethorn influence them to commit such acts of violence.Much of Western societys contemporary demeanor is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The around popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media dis wanton aways violence in a less glamourous way, interpersonal violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences. Some people, mostly men, relish viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even so find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. picture programs, movies and music capi talize on this fact by present or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The paradox with this is that by consuming too much violence by means of th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of violence shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content best than younger, more impressionable audiences. BibliographyAmerican Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.htmlAnderson Ph.D., Craig ikon to Violent Media The Effects of Songs with Violent Lyrics on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings Iowa State University. Texas Departm ent of Human work Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 84, No. 5.Egger, S. Violence and masculinity A CommentaryHuston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen The Role of Television in American Society. Lincoln Nebraska University of Nebraska PressStrang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essays -- essays research papers fc Can the nation-state and culture combine forces to reduce interpersonal violence in the West?Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male children and teenagers. Crime s by young people are no longer just misdemeanors, but they now include the major felonies of rape, robbery and homicide. The rise in violent crime in the last few decades has been accompanied by a rise in violence in the media, especially television, movies and music. To protect society, the US government must impose regulations on these media outlets so that audiences are not subjected to too much gratuitous violence that may influence them to commit such acts of violence.Much of Western societys contemporary behavior is influenced by popular culture, usually by such media outlets as television, movies and music. Arguments exist today concerning the amount of responsibility that the media has to portray such violent crimes as unacceptable. The most popular of such beliefs is one that argues that the media is currently romanticizing the use of violence to gain an audience. Proponents of such an argument claim that if the media displays violence in a less glamorous way, interpersona l violence can be reduced. For this to happen, the nation-state must play the important role of regulating how much and what types of violence media sources can show, and to which audiences. Some people, mostly men, enjoy viewing or hearing about acts of violence. Some even find it exciting to participate, on one level or another, in violent acts. Television programs, movies and music capitalize on this fact by showing or describing gratuitous acts of violence. Even news programs see the importance in covering violent interpersonal crimes in their broadcasts to gain high ratings. Western society is interested in conflict, and enjoys being a third party audience to such violence. The problem with this is that by consuming too much violence through th... ...duce more violent behavior from their audiences. The governments of the Western world cannot altogether prohibit the media from showing violence to their citizens, but they can impose more strict limitations on the amount of viole nce shown and to which audiences. More mature audiences can handle violent content better than younger, more impressionable audiences. BibliographyAmerican Psychological Association Website www.apa.org/journals/xap/xap44291.htmlAnderson Ph.D., Craig Exposure to Violent Media The Effects of Songs with Violent Lyrics on Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings Iowa State University. Texas Department of Human Services Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 84, No. 5.Egger, S. Violence and Masculinity A CommentaryHuston, A.C., et al 1992 Big World, Small Screen The Role of Television in American Society. Lincoln Nebraska University of Nebraska PressStrang, H. 1992, Homicides in Australia 1990-1991, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Pilgrimage for Christians :: Papers

Pilgrimage for Christians This question has a lot or arguments for both sides, which will be discussed here. The Christian Church itself is non entirely sure of whether or not pilgrimage should be practised, and different denominations have different views. Pilgrimage jakes help Christians a great deal. Pilgrims arrive closer to God during pilgrimage and pilgrimages can inspire them to spread the word of God when they return from the trip. If there are having doubts over their faith in God, pilgrimages can make them feel close to God, and they can believe in him without doubt again. It is difficult to find arguments against pilgrimage in terms of what could be done in the time taken up by the trip, because pilgrimages do not take a long time now. A persons life could be dramatically changed by a pilgrimage and it could make them view the world in a completely different way, after only a few days of reverence to God. In defence of pilgrimage, it has h appened for a very long time, since the start of the Christian faith, even though there is no reference to it in the Bible. both(prenominal) branches of the Christian church, particularly the Roman Catholic church, judge matters on the Bible and on church traditions, which would make pilgrimage a good thing for the one basis that it has been going on for so long. There are also many reasons why pilgrimage is not considered a necessary thing for Christians to embark on. Some would argue that Christians time should be spend helping people, preaching and encouraging other to adopt Christians beliefs. Some Protestants would also say that there is no real evidence of pilgrimage in the Bible, so it is not a Christian idea and should not happen. With the exception perhaps of the Holy Land, sites of pilgrimage are defined sometimes by only one witness who claims to have had a vision or a miracle. These sources cannot always be trusted, which makes some Chris tians critical of Pilgrimage. Others would argue, however, that

Analysis of Stories of Ghost Sightings :: Urban Legends Ghost Story

Ghost StoriesThe storyteller is 19 years old and attends Chesapeake College, and is transferring this fall to Salisbury University to become a nurse. Her mother works at a local Baptist church as a secretary/receptionist and her father is a mechanic, but will soon be retired. The storyteller claims to have seen these ghosts, and the story she told is slightly what they look like, their actions, their backgrounds, and how it has affected her. She told me four mini-stories one about a young girl, one about a young boy, one about a middle-aged man, and one about an elderly man.The first ghost story is about was a little girl that al moods appeared on her way home at iniquityOk, well in that location is this little girl that stands in the middle of the road usually near those two farm houses on the way to my house. She is a char girl, probably like 7 or so, and she always stands in the road at night. And sometimes if there is a car in front of me, they acquire herbut I always try t o move so I dont hit her, or I try to move. I have it off you think Im making all this up, but Im non. I wish I was making it up. Anyway, she might be there in the daytime too but I usually only see her, well spirits in general, at night. Im not sure why she is there, but I think she was hit by a car a long time ago and just throw outt leave. She was walking along the road and got hit and now she cant leave the road. I see her every time its shadow and Im driving home. Sometimes she is standing in the middle of the road and sometimes I see her walking out into the middle of it. Ive never hit her though, I try to swerve out of the way cause she freaks me outor I tell her to get out of the way and she will walk across. Or disappear. Yeah, shes probably second on the list of freak-me-out ghosts.As the storyteller was telling this story, her voice was a little shaky, and she was talking fairly fast, as if she didnt like talking about it or it scared her. She used her hands a lot, e ither to help describe her story wear out or because she was simply nervous or scared.After asking her which ghost she finds scariest or creepiest, the storyteller told me this next story about a frightening little boy, whom she has only seen one time

Analysis of Stories of Ghost Sightings :: Urban Legends Ghost Story

Ghost StoriesThe discerner is 19 years old and attends Chesapeake College, and is transferring this fall to Salisbury University to become a nurse. Her go works at a local Baptist church as a secretary/receptionist and her father is a mechanic, but will soon be retired. The storyteller claims to have seen these ghosts, and the story she told is just about what they look like, their actions, their backgrounds, and how it has affected her. She told me four mini-stories bingle about a young girl, one about a young boy, one about a middle-aged man, and one about an elderly man.The first ghost story is about was a little girl that al counselings appeared on her way home at nightOk, well there is this little girl that stands in the middle of the road usually near those two farm houses on the way to my house. She is a black girl, probably like 7 or so, and she always stands in the road at night. And some whiles if there is a railroad car in front of me, they hit herbut I always try to move so I dont hit her, or I try to move. I know you think Im make all this up, but Im not. I wish I was making it up. Anyway, she might be there in the daytime too but I usually only see her, well spirits in general, at night. Im not sure why she is there, but I think she was hit by a car a long time ago and just cant leave. She was go along the road and got hit and now she cant leave the road. I see her every time its dark and Im driving home. Sometimes she is standing in the middle of the road and sometimes I see her walking out into the middle of it. Ive never hit her though, I try to swerve out of the way cause she freaks me outor I tell her to get out of the way and she will walk across. Or disappear. Yeah, shes probably second on the list of freak-me-out ghosts.As the storyteller was telling this story, her voice was a little shaky, and she was talking somewhat fast, as if she didnt like talking about it or it scared her. She used her hands a lot, either to economic aid d escribe her story better or because she was simply nervous or scared.After asking her which ghost she finds scariest or creepiest, the storyteller told me this next story about a frightening little boy, whom she has only seen one time

Elections and democracy Essay

QUESTION 11. Do you think elections can be a good measure of democracy? Discuss this recital in relation to elections recently held in African countries you are familiar with.INTRODUCTIONThe year 2011 experienced serious directs of political activities in Africa such as political upheavals, middle-east uprisings and elections in m whatsoever countries. Most Islamic nations rose against their long- ruling leaders, hence saw the ousted of Egyptian Hosni Mubarak and the killing of Muamar Gaddafi after a six-month war between the Gaddafi loyalists and the anti-Gadhafi fighters help by NATO. However, while this was taking place, former(a) countries like Zambia, Congo DR, Nigeria, Liberia were also exercising their obligation of having an opposite(prenominal) leaders non by violence only if by the ballot.The countries which fought hard to remove long-rule-leaders wanted to just as other countries have the exemption to prefer their leaders in an election, a move considered to be a de mocratic activity of the citizen. Elections are being considered to the most important way of showing how democratic a nation is. However, in reality at that place is surely more to democracy than just holding an election, thus, this essay will analyse as to whether elections only are the sufficient measure of democracy.MAIN be land is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as a form of political science in which people have a voice in the exercise of power, typically through elected representatives. Democracy is most obviously manifest through elections which enable people to choose representatives. However democracy is not an absolute category, whereby if a country has an election it can be regarded as democratic. Instead, a states democratic credentials involve assessing many, if not all, aspects of g overnance and the political system. There is much debate over what constitutes democracy both in theory and in actuality. In one classic definition, by Robert Dahl, democracy re quires not only free, modal(a), and competitive elections, but also the freedoms that make them truly meaningful (such as freedom oforganization and freedom of expression), alternative sources of information, and institutions to ensure that government policies depend on the votes and preferences of citizens (Dahl 1971).Thus democracy is not just about majority rule, but requires political freedoms so there can be debate and independent decision making. Commonly recognized essential components of democracy include multi- ramifyy electoral competition, freedom of association, freedom of movement, independent media, and the rule of law. Achieving such freedoms whitethorn be a staggered process in which there are different patterns of democracy. It is widely suggested that democracy enables people to fulfil a basic human matter to and need to participate in civil and political life. The Inter-Parliamentary Union comment in their Declaration on Criteria for Free and fair Elections Reco gnising the right of everyone to take part in the government of his or her country is a crucial factor in the effective enjoyment by all of human rights and fundamental freedoms.Democracy is argued to benefit the society as a whole, as dialogue enables relevant issues to be addressed and the best solutions to be found based on communicate and considered choices, and those in governance are kept responsible and accountable and under a limited mandate. It is argued that democracy increases the chances of peace within a state and with other states. Democracy is also thought to reduce the likelihood of political repression and to increase the chances of stability and economic growth.Amartya Sen points out one dramatic example of this indivisibility of civil-political and socio-economic rights in identifying that no substantial famine has ever occurred in any independent democratic country with a relatively free press (Sen 1999). The American non-governmental organization, Freedom House , in its 2002 global survey concluded the GDP of Free countries stood at $26.8 trillion, while the GDP of Not Free countries was $1.7 trillion.DISCUSSIONFrom the understanding of liberty and freedoms, the government must be erected by the participation of very free people not under coercion. It implies that the citizens must have a free will to choose leaders of their choice and be able to have freedom of expression within the given framework. Thus, elections become a very important voice for citizens to read theirleaders as that is how they participate in the process of making decisions .However, there is more to democracy than just holding elections and electioneering. There are many other factors to consider to complete democracy than just holding an election Elections today, which signify democracy, must be judged by the conformity to standard norms that constitute free and fair elections. A free election is based on the presumption that fundamental human rights and freedoms ar e respected.These would include freedom of assembly, association, expression, and information. In addition, freedom would include freedom from violence, intimidation and coercion, freedom to access the polling stations by both voters and monitors, and freedom to make choices without fear of repercussions.But in Zambia,prior to elections,there was a lot of intimidation by the ruling MMD by brutalising the opposition,corrupting the youths with beer to cause confusion in a way of campaigning.So there was coecion before election as opponents were not ready to frely make their own decisions over who to vote for. In another example,Congo DR November elections were marred with extreme violence prior to and during the election.The Joseph Kabilas troupe had no respect for the peoples rights,hence brutality and willfull killing took place and dispel to other places especially were the opposition members were concentrated. In Nigeria, during the 2011 elections there was a serious witnessing of electoral and ethnic violence where more than 1000 people died. This was attributed to the governments inability to be transparent in election procedures so much that elections were postponed three times and this gave worse suspicion and more violence. So its gain ground that even though the elections are being held, but then they are far from showing any sort of democracy. African News and Current Affairs(2011) reports that other divisive elements of this years ballot include an initial delay to the canvass a result of the implementation of a new voter system.The polls were actually in progress in several states when Nigerias Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) chair affirmed the postponement necessary to follow the integrity of the elections and retain effective overall retard of the process.This move was met with protest and interpreted variously as a ploy to rig results, a broad move to block such attempts, pure incompetence or a mixture of all three, theorie s which undermined the transparency of proceedings before they had properly begun. to bootelection are fair when all the participant be it in ruling or opposition political parties have on a level footing in order to produce the legitimate results acceptable to all the characters. This means no intimidation, equality in accessing the campaign resources, media and other amenities However, the 2011 many-sided election showed how the Zambian government could control the independent ECZ by easily breaking the election rules.The then ruling MMD were actually distributing gifts to electorates when it was clear that it was against the law. Further, the ruling company had started campaigning far before the campaign period or election date was even announced.ECZ was well aware of such malpractices but could not control the big guy in the electoral game. In fact how can a body be independent if the Directors and others in ECZ are directly nominate by the president? The independence of the e lectoral institutions is undermined by a number of factors, resulting in multiplicity of controversies in virtually every aspect of the elections, such as voter registration, polling stations, duration of polls, demarcation of constituencies, verification and announcement of results and access to the media.In addition, during election campaign, the campaign ground wasnt level as the ruling party had all the resources to propel a smooth and prosperous campaign which gave the ruling party a strong upper hand in the game. They could use any resources ranging from public vehicles, money and power to curtail other parties ability to campaign properly. The ruling party could easily buy anyone to fake defection and pay up the chiefs or headmen in order to belong to the their side, but at the same time demonising opposition parties and preventing them from accessing funds for campaigns.ConclusionFinally, much as elections is cardinal for the hard-on of democracy, but then it is surely not the sufficient measure for democracy. A country can hold the election but then if these elections are not free and fair, there is unequal distribution of resources, there is no transparency in all the dealings of the government, there is no respect for human rights and freedoms by the constitutional holders and no freedom of expression and no free media, democracy cant prevail in the country.BibliographyBanda, F. (2003) Community Radio Broadcasting in Zambia A Policy Perspective, Doctoral Dissertation, and University of atomic number 16 Africa (UNISA)Barnett, C & Murray, L (2004) Spaces of democracy Geographical Perspectives on Citizenship, Participation and Representation. London Sage PublicationsBarnett, C. (1999) The Limits of media democratization in South Africa politics, privatization and regulation. London Sage PublicationsBrown, Michael E. (ed.), Debating the Democratic Peace. Boston, MIT Press, 1996.Dahl, Robert, Polyarchy Participation and Opposition. New Haven Yale Unive rsity Press, 1971).Sen, Amartya, Democracy as a Universal Value. Journal of Democracy, vol. 10, no, 3, July 1999.

Tourism has often been criticised for damaging the environment and undermining local cultures

Environment and undermining local cultures. To what extent Is this true in Hong Kong? You should give both the advantages and disadvantages of Hong Kongs tourist fabrication but your essay should support one side only. touristry is travel for recreational, leisure time or business purposes. It has become a popular global leisure activity, which is of vital importance for many countries, due to large intake of money for businesses with their penny-pinchings and services and the opportunities for employment in the service industries. This rapid expanding industry shows both positivistic and negative effects.Hong Kong is an attractive and vibrant city that worth tourists travelling as we can see many tourists in almost tourist spots all day, for instance, Central, Causeway Bay, Tsim Sha Tsui, Mong Kok and so on. However, tourism in Hong Kong has long been criticised for damaging the environment and undermining local cultures.First and foremost, tourism can promote muse opportunit ies. A good example is the operation of the Hong Kong Disneyland. It attracts more than fresh graduates and young adults to find jobs and work there, and hence increase employment rate of Hong Kong.Undeniably, under the background of rising job opportunities, tourism can stimulate economic growth. As more and more tourists around the globe visit Hong Kong, this increases foreign exchange earnings and boost gross r heretoforeue of shops. To cater for tourists needs, there will be improvement of facilities or infrastructure such as roads, buildings, airports and communication systems, which may be improved to meet ripening demands.Although tourism can bring us benefits, its drawbacks cannot be disregarded.Tourism may damage traditional culture. Tourists visit to Hong Kong will focus more their attention on shopping than seeing some popular tourist spots related to traditional cultures. Although economic growth is stimulated, Hong Kong will soon become a consumer society.Tourism coul d cause pollution. The non-biodegradable rubbish left behind by many tourists often ends up being dumped into landfills, rivers and the sea.Furthermore, young people will grow up in a deteriorating environment and be affected by what they see tourists do and then follow their behaviours such as drunkenness, drug abuse and gambling. In some serious cases of crimes, the relationship between two countries may be worsen because of the records of criminals.In my view, tourism has often been criticised for damaging the environment and undermining local cultures. When you walk on the streets and beaches, you can see a lot of waste and litter on the ground, even though local citizens throw some of them on the floor.Moreover, the reason why tourism undermines local cultures is tourists enjoy material comfort more than spiritual satisfaction. They realize that there are lots of cheap goods in Hong Kong and then pot into the shops and buy whatever they can without consideration. This forms a consumer culture. When they find something they have bought is useless, they will throw them away immediately. This definitely damages the environment and becomes a vicious roulette wheel as time goes by.To remedy the problem, the local government should implement some effective measures to make tourist industry more traditional and environmentally-friendly, for example, holding more traditional activities so as to attract tourists and let them know more about local culture. Education of tourists to be a responsible person in their home countries is extremely important. Although different countries have different rules and laws, When in Rome, do as Roman do, tourists should strictly follow the rules when they are traveling to Hong Kong or even other places. If they do not obey the law, they would receive heavy penalty and even imprisonment, no matter they are tourists who visit Hong Kong.

Business Loan Procedure

Investigation On Business Loan Procedure In activity 2, we engage been asked to do investigating line of merchandise bring procedure in three high street bank. We have been through some high street banks same(p) HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds TSB, Santander, and Halifax. Among the five popular high street bank we have got three banks which are helping investor about business loan. They are- 1. HSBC 2. Lloyds TSB 3. Barclays Process Of Business Loan application programIn order to give a business loan every bank follows some specific criteria, which are given below. 1. Deciding on business finance 2. Contacting with bank 3. Building a finance application 4. Applications assessment 5. Business conductor makes initial decision 6. Business manager works with credit team 7. The credit manager role 8. Business manager explains the decision. Key Features and benefits of Three High Street Banks Barclays 1. Barclays bank offers ? 1,000 to ? 25,000. 2. Loan refund term is 1- 10 years. . Interest rate is fixed. 4. 6 months come backment pass available. 5. No early repayment fees. HSBC 1. Business loan limit is ? 1,000 to ? 25,000. 2. Loan repayment term is 1to 10 years. 3. Fixed interest rate. 4. Funds can be credited on the same day when agreed. 5. Rebate facilities for the early repayment. 6. ?100 loan arrangement fee. Lloyds TSB 1. ?1,000 to ? 1,00,000 business loan limit is available. 2. Loan repayment term is 12months to 10 years. 3. Fixed interest rate. 4. 1. 5% loan arrangement fee. . Fund handiness is not guaranteed on the same when agreed. In conclusion, the basic process to get a business loan is almost similar for every bank. However in order to prefer a suitable business loan should be considered on maximum limit of the loan, interest rate of the loan and how flexible to repay the loan. After go through all of these criteria we think Barclays is the most suitable bank for our business to get the loan as they have repayment holiday facility, and good public sup port.

Making Connections Essay

In Werner, Hoeflich is sharing very intimate and specific details about his experience. whiskers Probably met Hoeflich on several occasions in secern to gain his trust before he was able to collect some of the details that he included in his work. It most likely took Beard old age of asking just the right questions to write Werner. In this piece, Werner is presented as both weak and strong. In the beginning of the written report, he is completely caught off guard by the fire in his home, but thus the author follows with a story of Werrner cliff diving.Beard describes Werner diving out of his apartment window with athletic elegance, and then proceeds to tell us about Werner crying in the ambulance. At the end of the story, Beard describes Werner never being able to confuse himself with the old Werner. I am left enquire what Werner did after his accident. We know he al slipway felt pain since, but I wonder in what other ways it affected his life. Zinner emphasizes balancing quot es with narrations which Beard did very well.He also spoke of not changing the quotes in parade to preserve the characters voice. Beard did a very advantageously job of depicting Werners personality through the quotes he chose. 2. Gladwell began the piece by describing an event very vaguely, and then behind gave us more details. He ended the story by teaching us one of the lessons that Cesar learned through his experience. I like that Gladwell keeps us wondering at the beginning of his piece. He could be talking about any number of things.I liked the ending because the reading was able to see another(prenominal) side of Cesar. Bow, not only was he an expert on dog carriage he knew quite a bit about human behavior as well. I didnt like that he chose to describe Cesar in his introduction. I also didnt like that in the conclusion, he told a story of Cesar failing to be able to do his job. I would pee described Cesar after I finished telling the story of Sugar and Lynda. I would ha ve told the story of Cesar failing before I talked about Cesar learning about human behavior.Gladwell did a good job of hooking the contributor. After the first sentence, I was left wondering what Gladwell was talking about. He also did a good job of knowing when to end the story. If he had continued on for much longer, the reader would have lost interest. 3. Ingrams message was that this was she experienced was a very confusing time for everyone. Not all Germans hated Jews, and not all Jews resented Ameri burn downs. She precious to provide a different perspective on the war than the ones we hear most often.When I was finished reading this piece, I felt a aesthesis of sadness. Ingram wanted us to see that although the Hamburg passel were grateful for being saved, they were still haunted by the sight of their dead neighbors and friends. In order for any good to come, sacrifices had to be made. Ingram begins her memoir with a story of her bravely saving her mothers life and uses v ery frank and blunt language in order to establish power. Zinner recommends that an author write without being to egotistical and to use vivid sight and smell language.Ingram did a very good job of painting a picture in the readers mind without making herself the hero in every situation. 4. Rodriguez was trying to tell us that there is a adult change coming in atomic number 20 and in America. No longer do you have to come to California to live your dream. A person can stay at home and achieve it just as easily, but dont be surprised when it doesnt come true. I deem that the audience had a love/hate relationship with this piece. They thought it was beautifully written and brought up excellent points, but hated to admit that what Rodriguez was saying was true.In describing East Cobb, I would use the terms large houses, fast food, many cultures, crowded schools, crowded streets, expensive cats, large lawns, family secrets, intelligent kids, and drug abuse. Rodriguez described the Ca lifornia that we all know, but he also went deeper and described to us in great detail the California that very few people see. 5. Singer make up a question. Then, he spent a paragraph or two answering the question. He did this repeatedly throughout his work and added supporting details along the way. Singer gave a very convincing argument.He appealed to the emotions of a sensitive reader with the child in the pond analogy. HE appealed to the logic of a speculative reader with all his statistics. This article would persuade most people to be more charitable. It would not provide a very convincing argument to the people with lower incomes. Singer did a very good job of cutting the clutter. He used simple language and said exactly what he meant. I also felt Singers personality through his writing. He is very realistic and believes that we should all be more charitable.

Teaching pronounciation

Teaching Pronunciation Pronunciation involves far more than individual sounds. Word stress, blame stress, transition, and word linking all catch the sound of spoken incline, not to mention the way we often slur words and phrases together in casual speech. What ar you going to do? becomes Whaddaya gonna do? English pronunciation involves too many complexities for learners to strive for a complete elimination of accent, just improving pronunciation will boost self esteem, urge on communication, and possibly lead to a better Job or a least more respect in the workplace.Effective communication is of greatest importance, so make out starting time to work on problems that signifi drive outtly hinder communication and let the rest go. Remember that your students also need to learn strategies for dealing with misunderstandings, since native pronunciation is for most an unrealistic goal. A students first language often interferes with English pronunciation. For example, p/ is aspir ated in English but not in Spanish, so when a Spanish speaker pronounces pig without a puff of air on the / p, an American may hear big instead.Sometimes the students will be able to dentify specific problem sounds and sometimes they wont. You can ask them for suggestions, but you will also need to observe them over time and make note of problem sounds. Another challenge resulting from differences in the first language is the inability to hear certain English sounds that the native language does not contain. Often these be vowels, as in ship and sheep, which many learners cannot distinguish. The Japanese are known for confusing r/ and Ill, as their language contains neither of these but instead has one sound somewhere between the two.For problems such as these, listening is of the essence(p) because students cant produce a sound they cant hear. Descriptions of the sound and talk position can second students increase their awareness of subtle sound differences. Here are some idea s for focusing on specific pronunciation features. Voicing Voiced sounds will make the throat vibrate. For example, g/ is a piano sound composition / k/ is not, even though the mouth is in the same position for both sounds. Have your students touch their throats while pronouncing voiced and voiceless sounds. They hould feel vibration with the voiced sounds only.Aspiration Aspiration refers to a puff of air when a sound is produced. Many languages have far fewer aspirated sounds than English, and students may have trouble hearing the aspiration. The English /p/, m, /k/, and /ch/ are some of the more commonly aspirated sounds. Although these are not always aspirated, at the beginning of a word they usually are. To enlarge aspiration, have your students hold up a piece of facial tissue a few inches away from their mouths and push it with a puff of air while ronouncing a word containing the target sound.Mouth Position Draw simple diagrams of tongue and lip positions. Make sure all st udents can clearly see your mouth while you model sounds. Have students use a mirror to see their mouth, lips, and tongue while they imitate you. Intonation Word or sentence intonation can be mimicked with a kazoo, or alternatively by humming. This will take the students attention off of the meaning of a word or sentence and help them tocus on the intonation. Linking We pronounce phrases and even whole sentences as one smooth sound instead of a eries of separate words. Will Amy go away, is rendered Willaymeegowaway. To help learners link words, try starting at the end of a sentence and have them repeat a phrase, adding more of the sentence as they can overlord it. For example, gowaway, then aymeegowaway, and finally Willaymeegowaway without any pauses between words. Vowel Length You can demonstrate varying vowel lengths within a word by stretchability rubber bands on the longer vowels and letting them contract on shorter ones. Then let the students try it. For example, the word fi fteen would have the rubber band stretched or the lee vowel, but the word fifty would not have the band stretched because both of its vowels are spoken quickly.Syllables Have students count syllables in a word and hold up the oppose number of fingers, or place objects on table to represent each syllable. Illustrate syllable stress by clapping softly and loudly corresponding to the syllables of a word. For example, the word beautiful would be loud-soft-soft. Practice with short lists of words with the same syllabic stress pattern (beautiful, telephone, Florida) and then see if your learners an list other words with that pattern.

Instruction †Learning Environment Essay

The surroundings in which children learn can greatly influence their academic performance and well-being in schooldays. The architecture, layout, dcor and facilities of their school all play a vital role in shaping the learning environment, yet the importance of this particular aspect of school life can often be overlooked. Does your school have difficulty creating surroundings and facilities which complement teaching and learning in the twenty-first century? consume on to find out about some of the current initiatives helping schools raise achievement through creating an inspirational education environment.A number of schools nearly the country are still languishing in the Victorian era, with crumbling walls and limited resources. It seems that many schools in the twenty-first century particularly secondary schools have to shoehorn modern learning and up-to-date resources into nineteenth-century surroundings.Only a tiny proportion of todays schools have been built since the mi d 1970s, and with a few generations of children stampeding through their relatively modern facilities, many of these buildings are also edging towards the end of their natural life span.More schools could benefit from a lateral approach to environmental envision with its users as the prime focus preferably in consultation with them.

Kant’s Critique of Utilitarianism Essay

Kants critique of Utilitarianism is that it treats people as a means not as an ends in themselves. Since he is a deontologist he presumes that in that respect is a universal moral imperative, genuine ways in which we must act, no matter what our individual desires or needs or utility superpower be. The Categorical Imperative is an idea of reason. This knowledge is not derived from experience but rather, it is a priori. It also binds us and we all act in a certain way because of it. It is unconditional. It is the first principle of the moral law and it applies to rational and reasonable beings. Since we are sensuous creatures, we experience the moral law as a constraint. We confirm a tendency to do otherwise because we may come across moral dilemmas. Sometimes we know we should do something but we might reason against it. Kant believed that by putting something through the CI procedure we would be able to see if it was moral or immoral.There are four steps in this procedure. maid en you formulate you subjective maxim. Let us use the example that I will cheat on my philosophy canvas because I didnt put one over enough time to hold. The next step is to generalize this maxim, so for every time I dont have enough time to study I will cheat on my philosophy demonstrate. Then you universalize this maxim as if it were an instinct everyone will cheat on their philosophy test every time they dont have enough time to study. You then take this new law and join it with the old law and contrast its affects. Now that I have put it through these four steps it is a given that people will study on their philosophy test every time they dont have enough time to study.This will take away the value of a good grade that a person that studies may receive. You then ask yourself cardinal questions Can I coherently conceive of such a world? And if so, Can I in truth will such a world? If at the end of all this, the maxim drops out and passes all these tests then it is okay to act on it because it is virtuously permissible. As seen in my example, it is not moral to cheat on a test because if everyone did it then it would devalue the good grades that people got that put work and front into studying for the test.Kant claims that acting from the categorical Imperative reveals to us our freedom and dignity, by this he means that Dignity brings about your morality which is what makes you part of the terra firma of ends. It frees us from our senses by making us realize our own nature. The CategoricalImperative reveals what is moral and immoral and therefore we are able distinguish the two and this allows us to be autonomous and if you are autonomous then you are free.

Modernization theory Essay

Modernization possibleness focuses on the main idea that the processes which the presently veritable countries went through are vital to achieving growing in the underdevelop and developing countries. Modernization is idea to take place in five stages according to the Rostows stage scheme (Rostow 1960), namely The handed-down nightspot Take-off preconditions Take-off Drive to maturity High mass consumption ageThe modernization supposition is ground on the idea of human carry on according to Carneiro (2003) although according to Jones (1985) and McNeill (1990), the idea of human progress seemed false so long as man did not significantly influence the natural environment and as long as there was no perceptible change in the agrarian economies from one generation to the next. The developed countries are to serve an Copernican place in helping the developing countries to achieve their level of development and serve as examples.Modernization traces its origin in the enlightenment era with the focus that progress in technology would help man overcome the ch eachenges that the nature posed and man would have train over nature. Condorcet (1979) argued that moral values of people would change through frugal development and technological progress, and and so linked cultural change to economic development. Rostow (1961) argued that the economic returniveness in the countries of scurvy incomes is hampered by their amic fitted institutions and traditional cultural values.In these countries large population do not allow the individuals to save, as does the overleap of strong work ethic (Giddens, & Griffiths2006). According to the Marxist version of the modernization theory, early industrial society was characterized by exploitation. Growth of the developing countries would return from the use of nurture and technology. Allocation of resources in the developing countries in an irrational way was linked to the drawback in the industrialization of these countries.In order for a estate to develop, it was inevitable to remove the cultural, institutional and organizational roadblocks on its way to modernization and allocate resources rationally. Modernization is, according to Inglehart & Welzel (2005), a process of the development of human where development of the preservation triggers cultural changes which make democracy, gender equality, and individual liberty increasingly possible.In addition to bringing out the root causes of the problems existing in the underdeveloped or developing countries, the theory a wish can help countries focus on means and ways of alleviating want by emulating the already developed countries. The theory puts strength to the fact that development is reachable, even by the underdeveloped and the developing nations and therefore can help the latter to put efforts to reach the developed area.The theory explains an important full point why the developing countries cannot wake up one day and ex pect to see themselves developed, further that to achieve development, a particular process is followed-building the sub-processes in this process is of paramount importance to the countries of low economy. habituation theory can be defined as an explanation of the development of the economy of a countrys or states development policy as influenced by the outside hurls of cultural, economical, and semi governmental aspects (Sunkel, 1969).It is a system through which the developmental possibilities of the subordinate countries are disadvantaged and conditioned by the economic expansion and development of an opposite country (Dos Santos, 1971). settlement theory emanated in the 1950s with Raul Prebisch who was the director of the get together Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and together with his colleagues was not comfortable with the way the developed economy in the developed nations failed to lead to growth in the misfortunateer countries.According to him, the s cant(p)er countries exported the raw materials to the developed countries and yet real the same goods as processed goods and the earnings from the exports was not enough to fund the imports. Prebisch offered a solution for the poor countries to substitute imports and a spoil use of their foreign reserves to purchase for imports of manufactured goods. Import substitution was laboured to follow because of obstacles that were facing the poorer countries.These included the possibility or ability of controlling their exports of primary products political gist as concerning desire or possibility to shifting from producing primary goods and the inability of the small internal markets of the poorer countries which make them unable to support the economies of scale used by the richer countries to keep their prices low. International capitalism has been mentioned as the force causing dependance kind According to Gunder (1972), contemporary underdevelopment is as a result of continued r elationships-economic or others-between the developed and the poorer countries.Unlike imperialism which explains dominant state expansion, dependency explains underdevelopment-the result of imperialism. dependance theory was developed as a result of combination of economic doctrine called structuralism, and Marxist sociology. It goddamn the US intervention and the role of the Latin America in the human economy as failing to achieve development and its political authoritarianism as a result of its role in exporting raw materials in the domain of a function economy.America was said to suffer deterioration in the terms of trade by experiencing cheaper exports due to low wage resulting from surplus labor, and more expensive imports because, instead of the productivity gains being passed on as pull down prices, they were going to the increasingly monopolistic industrial firms. Latin America would therefore, because of this free trade, not be able to accumulate surplus capital requir ed to industrialize.The difference between developed and underdeveloped economies was said not only to be on state of the system of production, or simple difference of stage, but likewise to be of position or function within a single international economic organise of production and distribution. Poverty of the countries was blamed for the richness of some others, not because of any failure (Reid, 2007). Social censure of masses as a result of domination of the economy through industrial monopolies yielded to urbanization void of industrialization (Reid, 2007).As a payment to investments, the foreign investors required that the state discipline those demanding high pay leading to military dictatorship. Although their diverging points on the theory, there is an agreement in issues like the influence of outdoor(a) forces that developed demesne use to extend their interests abroad which includes foreign aids, communications, multinational corporations and other tools. In all the d efinitions there is an agreement that there exist twain sets of states the dominant and the dependent, centre and the periphery, the metropolitan and the satellite.All of the definitions point to dynamism of the relationship between the dominant and the dynamic country since the interactions between them tend to reinforce and compound the unfair patterns (Ferraro, 1996). Like the Modernization theory which can be considered to be developed by varied people, the dependency theory also is said to have arisen in three principle formulations. According to Reid (2007) the starting line principal formulation of the dependency theory focused on formal and institutional relationships such as trade relations and foreign trade, as factors which were sources to dependency.The second formulation treated the theory as a subfield of the refined imperialism theory of the Leninist and the analysis of capitalism by Marxist. The tertiary formulation dealt with the cardinal previous definitions. The theory has assisted in shedding light as concerns the exploitation existing in the monopolistic world market where countries with strong economies try to dominate over those with weak economies and create a monopolistic effect of trade.Continued use of foreign aid to the poor nations, which has seen countries being over-reliance to donors, has left poor countries with no hearty alternatives than to pledge loyalty to the developing nations. The theory has helped in enumerating the disadvantages that can be acquired from capitalism especially where the capitalism is the influence to the establishment of relations between countries. The theory was criticized as eroding Latin Americans belief in selves, according to Lawrence Harrison, in addition to patronizing and paralyzing Latin America.The formulations were attacked as ignoring or undermining the other causes of underdevelopment such as internal social and cultural factors and were neglect of culture, race, gender and ethnicit y. Besides, there were some countries like Asian countries which developed purely on a capitalistic system, and countries like Taiwan and South Korea developed through the ideas that have been propelled in the development theory (Dependency verses Dependency theory). The theory has been blamed as indicating that for a country to succeed, it should join others who have succeeded in the exploitation of some, even if it does this on a regional level.It has been termed to be a dodging left only for the smaller third gear world countries with no real alternative market, and is no strategy at all. The dependency theory work has been blamed also for criticizing development in the third world, indicating that such development builds a society different from that at the content (developed world) and that there is no way the resulting society can be as that at the core. Development in the third world can be best described, as the dependency theory points out, development of underdeveloped and not as the advertised development.The similarities between the two theories can summarized as follows Both theories concern themselves with the relationship between the underdeveloped and the developing with the developed countries. While the modernization theory is concerned with the view that the developed countries should serve as an example to the developing or underdeveloped countries for development purposes, the dependency theory explains the development of the country in relation to the outside forces or influences which may be as a result of the activities of the developed countries.Both therefore deal with and recognize that there exist the relationship between thee two types of countries. Both theories are consent to the idea that the developed countries have a superior hand in terms of the economy, over the developing or the underdeveloped world. The difference in this area is that the dependency theory seems to indicate an unfair dominance of the developed economi es over the developing or underdeveloped ones, whereas the modernization theory views the relationship as health-that the developed economies can assist the underdeveloped or the developing ones Both theories do not give a one-sided explanation as concerns the causes of the low economic status in the developing or underdeveloped countries. While the modernization theory gives a critical look at the reason for the poor economic status of the developing or underdeveloped nations as being a result of the problems already existing such as overpopulation and lack of work ethics, it may be seen as neglecting the role of the developed economies in the resulting economic problems of the third word countries.In its explanation to the resulting economic difficulties in the third world, dependency theory has leaned unfairly away from the role played by the third world countries in resulting to their own economic problems. It has been blamed, as seen earlier, as neglecting the social economic f actors that contribute to economic problems in third world countries. It can be seen to be unfairly explaining the problem as a result to exploitation and external forces. There are a range of modifications or disagreements arising among scholars in the development of the two theoriesOther differences While the modernization theory seems to explain the causes of poor economy in the third world as the result of the activities of the countries themselves for example through poor allocation of resources, and with a view to solving it, the dependency theory can largely be described as a criticism to the developed countries as being the cause to the problems of the economy in the third world. The modernization theory focuses on the internal causes of the poor economy in the third world, but the dependency theory focuses on the external influences The dependency theory is devoid of a clean sheet and proper strategy of solving the economic problem of the third world in a non fair market, to the event that it has been described as a no strategy at all. The modernization theory presents a way of solving the problems of economy affecting the third world such as substitution of imports, advance in use of technology and further education to improve economy.References Andre Gunder Frank, The Development of Underdevelopment, in James D. Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank, and Dale Johnson, eds., Dependence and Underdevelopment. Garden City, New York Anchor Books, 1972, p. 3. Development verses Dependency theory Retrieved November 13, 2008 from http//www. revision-notes. co. uk/revision/619. html Dos Santos Theotonio. The Structure of Dependence, in K. T. Fann and Donald C. Hodges, eds. , Readings in U. S. Imperialism. Boston Porter Sargent, 1971, p. 226 Ferraro Vincent. Dependency Theory An Introduction. July 1996. Retrieved November 13, 2008 from http//www. mtholyoke. edu/acad/intrel/depend. htm Giddens Anthony & Simon Griffiths. (2006).Sociology. Polity Hogan Michael, Thomas Paterson. (2004). Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press Inglehart Ronald & Christian Welzel. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and democracy The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Reid Michael. Forgotten Continent The Battle for Latin Americas Soul. Yale Yale University Press Sunkel Svaldo. case Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 6, no. 1, October 1969, p. 23

Summary of Management Consultancy

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY SERVICES BY certified public accountants Introduction to the realness of Consulting * consultants are not all certified public accountants. Anyone can be a consultant. However, to prosper in consultancy, one has to wee the expertise. The most compelling nonmonetary reasons people enter the consulting field are 1. Sharing their knowledge to help their guests. 2. edifice argumentation network and take a step up in ones merged career. 3. Having no boss, being independent and making their own decisions. 4. No fear of being laid off. 5. Having a flexible source of income. 6.A means of giving back to the community by providing expertise and care in community-based projects. Evolution of MAS The primary factors that contributed to the emergence and educateth of management consultancy are 1. Growth in size of it and complexity of problem. 2. Difficulty in conducting and managing a business. 3. Greater competition among businesses so tha t new management techniques give stir to be applied. 4. Recognition of the importance of accurate and timely information in decision-making. 5. Inability to hurl a complete line-up of professional management. Developing Trends concern consultancy now specializes in information systems, automated offices, monetary analysis and modeling budgeting and cost manipulates, organization structures, personnel compensation, strategic planning and a host of other areas. * Another trend has been the utility of business education. * The quality undergraduate and graduate programs in business are producing disclose-trained entrants into the ranks of management consulting profession. As a result of this infusion, management consulting is becoming a catalyst for advancement of better management concepts and techniques. Technological checkments make water occurred at a breathtaking pace in much(prenominal) areas as information sciences and decision sciences. * Computer hardware and soft ware, together with data communication and robotics represent powerful tools for business management. Future Prospects A veteran management consultant makes the following predictions 1. solicitude consulting go away become tied(p) more specialized. 2. The consultants orientation leave alone be towards being an insight-provider, creator and sharer of information. 3. caution consulting dissolutes will tend either to remain small or to become quite large. Small devoteda will prosper by focusing upon narrow areas of specialization while large firms will have to develop and offer a wide range of services to sustain their high costs of operations. 4. As consultants grow in number, they will develop more sophisticated means of marketing their services. 5. Bright graduates of accounting, management and business schools will continue to be attracted to careers in management consulting. The Consulting Industry Most definitions of consultancy would include . Information engine room 2. C onsulting and system integration 3. Corporate strategy 4. Operations management 5. Human resources management 6. Outsourcing The Main Types of Consultant Firms 1. IT Firms (for example, IBMs purchase of PwC Consulting) to increase revenue 2. Accounting firms offering consultancy 3. Major Consulting Only Firms 4. Independents Professional bodies such as PICPA offer professional training and accreditation and provide a forum for all-important networking. Career in Consulting Firms (in ascending order of seniority) 1.Analyst responsible for gathering information and processing it for the consulting team. 2. Consultants undertake the evaluation of the client business and make recommendations on its behalf. 3. Senior Consultant or Managers more experienced consultants that have the state of leading a consulting team. would typically have 3-5 years of consulting experience. would be more heterogeneous in dealing with members of the client team. 4. Business Development Managers a re responsible for developing the firms products and building its human relationship with clients. would be involved in some large, complex consulting projects at a strategic level. most would have 5-10 years of consulting experience. 5. Directors (or Partners) are the most experienced consultants, who take on responsibility for the development of the organization as a whole and who lead its strategic development. would maintain contacts with senior personnel in the client companies and would have overall responsibility for projects. would have 10+ years of consulting experience. Nature of MAS by Independent Accounting Firms steering Advisory Services (MAS) by independent accounting firms can be described as the influence of providing professional informatory (consulting) services, the primary purpose of which is to improve the clients use of its capabilities and resources to achieve the objectives of the organization. Management Consultancy can also be described as an indepe ndent and objective advisory service provided by qualified persons to clients in order to help them identify and analyze management problems and opportunities. 2 types of encounters with clients . Consultation- providing advice and information during a short time frame. The advice will be definitive when the consultant is fully aware of the situation and possesses adequate expertise to require more intensive study or investigation. 2. Engagement- consists of that form of management advisory or consulting service in which an analytical approach and process is applied in a study or project. This approach typically involves a. Ascertaining the pertinent facts and circumstances b. Seeking and identifying objectives c.Defining the problem or opportunity for improvement d. Evaluating and determining the possible solutions e. Present findings and recommendations f. Implementing the solution, if appropriate And following the clients decisions to proceed, the independent accounting firm may also be involved in a. Planning and scheduling actions to achieve the desired results, and b. Advising and providing skillful attention in implementing In combination with knowledge and experience in such areas as a. boldness and management methods b.Office and management functions c. Systems and procedures d. Data processing methods e. Quantitative methods f. Financial management To produce solutions such as * A management information system * A sales reporting system * A cost accounting system * A work measurement program * Improved production control * An organization plan with statements of duties and responsibilities, or * An electronic data processing system Rationale of Using Management Consultants A management consultant is hired for at least four valuable reasons 1. Independent bandstandThis enables him to see the true nature of the problems and distinguish between feasible and infeasible solutions. Since, he is not involved in the internal policies of his clients, his suggestions are considered unbiased. 2. Professional Advisor and Counselor Business firms generally prefer CPA consultants because of their academic training and examination requirement for the CPA certificate. 3. Temporary Professional Service The use of consultants will be probably less expensive to the company than hiring new managers or employees to provide professional advisory services. . Agent of Change In providing solutions to the clients problem, changes may have to be made to the organizational structures, to procedures and to job responsibilities. Independent Accounting Firms Role in MAS To provide advice and technical assistance which should provide for client participation in the analytical approach and process. Specifying this as the proper role recognizes twain the appropriate place of MAS and the realities of practice. This is the only basis on which the work should permit it to be done. * The accounting firm should avoid making management decisions or taking pos itions that might impair the firms objectivity. CPAs Objective in Engaging in MAS To utilize the essential qualifications it has available to provide advice and technical assistance which will enable client management to conduct its affairs more effectively. Essential Qualifications 1. skillful competence 2. Familiarity with the clients finance and control systems and his business problems. 3. Analytical ability and experience in problem solving. 4. Professional independence, objectivity and integrity.

Private Equity Deals Essay

head-to-head candor can be described as investing in a participation through a negotiated process. investment funds entails transformational, value-added and active management strategy. unavowed honor investings can be undertaken following three categories. These be conjecture capital, Buy-out and special situation investment. Venture capital can be described as an investment to create a new ships company or expand a smaller company that is right away undeveloped.Buy-out investment involves acquisition of a significant portion of investment in a mature company so as to gain control or ownership of the company. Special situation investment involves ever-changing government regulations or industriousness trends on investment due to availability of opportunity (Robinson and Cottrell, 2007). This paper willing broadly analyze buy out investment in detail, discussing its history, growth, merits and failures. Private beauteousness firms accrue enliven on investment through any of the three ways. These include an IPO, sale or merger and recapitalisation. Private impartiality firms sell unlisted securities directly to investors through underground offering or private equity fund which attracts different sources of contributions from small investors who prefer to invest directly to investors due to the risks associated with private equity funds.Private equity fund require a large amount of currency to allow entry which cannot be afforded by most private equity firms. Moreover Private equity firms prefer to invest in firms or investors where the firm can accrue returns after a short duration unlike private equity funds which can take up to twelve years to accrue interests. Private equity firms evaluate availability of opportunity to avoid investing in a failing company which, conduct to heavy capital losses by the firm. The risk has been noted to be higher in venture capital funds (Lasen, 2006). Private equity industry was begun in 1946 by the American R esearch and increase Corporation (ARD) to encourage private institutions provides funding to soldiers who returned from World War II. ARD aimed to provide skills and funding to the management and this would rush along success of the companies accrue profits. The success of the industry led to permeation of few wealthy families into the industry in 1970s. The industry focussed more on debt financed leveraged buy-outs (LBOs) A Leveraged buy-out (LBO) occurs when a financial sponsor gains control of a majority of a target companys stock ownership through the use of borrowed money or debt (Lasen, 2006). A Leveraged buy-out is a widely utilize strategy where a company acquires another company through significant amount of borrowed money. In most cases, the assets of the acquiring company and the company being acquired atomic number 18 used as security for the loans. Leveraged buyouts allow companies to make acquisitions without committing a lot of capital.In an LBO 70% debt to 30% eq uity ration is allowed though the debt can amount 90% top 95% of target smart set total capitalisation. Private equity firm prefer to sue leveraged buyouts for two reasons. Use of debt that is widely used in US increased financial return to the private equity sponsor. Debts are exempted from taxation and because the returns from debt are greater that from cash (Lasen, 2006 Robinson and Cottrell, 2007). Many countries for example Germany confirm introduced new tax laws with an aim of deter leveraged buyouts through reduction of tax shield effectiveness. The performance of private equity firms that used LBO as their principal(prenominal) source of financing went into bankruptcy in 1980s and 1980s. The insolvency was largely contributed by excessive debt financing amounting up to 97%. This led to higher interest payment that exceeded the companys operating cash flow. or so companies were taken over by other companies and government. In the recent past private equity industry has e xperienced a boom as noted in Great Britain as well as USA. Most pension scheme companies have invested in private equity firms and in particular LBOs. The sizing of private equity pool increased by 37% in 1994 in Great Britain. on that point is great disparity between foreign private equity pool and United States which present curtain raising of future growth. The rapid growth in the private equity industry has led to poor returns on capital invested. The returns from public equity deals are higher and this challenges the stability of private equity industry in using LBOs as way of financing (Clark and Whiteside, 2003). PED projects were initially known to have positive impact in paediatrics industry. The PED projects however are on the decline. This can be attributed to poor management and appointment of nationals who have worked in public service to oversee them yet they have little experience or noesis that is needed. The PED has encountered pressure from fear of disappointin g former and future employees and this has in most cases resulted in failure or problem in implementation of the projects (Saylor, Swenson, Reynolds and Taylor, 1999).ReferencesClark, G. L., Whiteside, N. (2003) Pension Security in the 21st Century Redrawing the Public-Private Debate. Oxford Oxford University Press.Robinson, M. J., Cottrell, T. J Investment Patterns of Informal Investors in the Alberta Private Equity Market Journal of Small Business Management, 45, (2007)11-89.Larsen, D. L. Challenges to the Private Equity Industry Journal of Accountancy, 202, (2006)112-156.Saylor, C. F., Swenson, C., Reynolds, S., and Taylor, M The Paediatric Emotional Distress Scale a Brief cover song Measure for Young Children Exposed to Traumatic Events. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 28.1. (1999) 34-70.

Ethics in the Workplace

Bee and Buckley (2001) state that anywhere the past few decades, collective codes of ethics boast proliferated. These codes reach proved useful In Informing employees ab step to the fore legal requirements of the firm, addressing specific c at oncerns and serving as calculatelines for accepted practice indoors the scheme. However, wrong acts continue to occur, as Is evidenced by the recent retract of Firest nonpargonil tires and the 103 deaths that forced It. (p. 73) It does non matter if corporate executives are told millions of times of codes of honest conduct as any(prenominal) still will conduct hot activities.These individuals are smell to make themselves rich while some a nonher(prenominal) ethical individuals are looking out for the good of the organization and its stockholders. This paper will discuss the intend statement, problem statement, topic background, necessity of study, importance of topic to the field of education as well as the potential sign ifi screwce of the study to scholarly literature with regard to my research study authorise Employees Perspectives of moral philosophy in the Workplace.Purpose Statement The purpose of this study Is to determine whether employees demonstrate ethical style In the rangeplace Problem Statement Research is needed to explore the experiences of employees with regard to ethics or the lack thereof in the dieplace today. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of employees in the extendplace and to examine the differences and similarities of their experiences with regard to ethics in the workplace. The methodological analysis and design of this study were derived by using the structure to establish goodness advocated by Armenia and Haltered (2002).Topic Background Pains (1994) statement that the ethical composition of the individual defines the ethical composition of the organization Is described In his article entitled Managing for Organizational Integrity. Therefor e, who you are will Influence the values of the organization due to the pastime reasons. First, Individuals personal values become interrupt of the organization. Second, the supervisors influence over the employees actions. Third, senior management influence over lower management and employees. Fourth, internal drive of the individual to succeed.Fifth, performance pressures within the organization. Sixth, lack of punishment within the organization. Seventh, friends and/or coworker influence over other employees. Further more(prenominal), the organizations culture influences the values of the organization as the culture of an organization defines the ethical behavior of this particular organization by defining what is right and wrong. In order to admit Inconsistencies between your own values and the values of the organization, an Individual must choose whether to advance his/her own interests, the organizations, or the Interests of others.For example, bribes or personal payments, gifts, or special favors Intended to Influence decision making. Individuals should report other employees for such(prenominal) acts as lying to supervisors, entertainment receipt in violation of company policy. These acts are violations a ingestst the organizations Code of ethical motive which is a formal statement of what an organization expects in the way of ethical behavior (what behaviors are congenial or unacceptable) and reflects senior managements organizational values, rules, and policies.However, many individuals do non report fellow co-workers for precaution of not being considered a team player, do not think corrective action would be taken, fear of retribution (from management) as well as not trusting the organizational to keep the report confidential. base on the literature, Beams, et al. (2003) experiment found that guilt had the greatest effect on intent to trade ground on innerr cultivation. Expected gain, cynicism, and perceptions of the fairness of laws we re also significantly associated with the intent to trade based on insider information (p. 320).The study also found that individuals do not unavoidably engage in insider trading to gain money but to avoid a possible loss. Furthermore, the study found that insider trading was not necessarily acceptable by society as well as likely to be caught and punished for the crime. Bee and Buckley (2001) state that over the past few decades, corporate codes of ethics abide proliferated. These codes have proved useful in informing employees about legal requirements of the firm, addressing specific concerns and serving as guidelines for accepted practice within the organization.However, unethical acts continue to occur, as is evidenced by the recent rec every(prenominal) of Firestone tires and the 103 deaths that forced it. (p. 73) It does not matter if corporate executives are told millions of times of codes of ethical conduct as some still will conduct wrong activities. These individuals ar e looking to make themselves rich while other ethical individuals are looking out for the good of the organization and its stockholders. Dungaree and Jeeps studied six individuals who engaged in criminal and unethical activities in the corporate business organization earthly concern.Dungaree and Speedups findings as re recentlyd to these six individuals definitely support the Beams, et. Al. Experiment as these individuals knew that their activities were banned as well as unethical. Furthermore, these activities were definitely not viewed favorably by society. Dungaree and Jeeps (2001) state that all six certainly knew that they were reeking the law and virtually went to extra-ordinary lengths to cover up what they were doing (p. 51).These individuals were also in risque level positions, which caused individuals who knew about the criminal activities to look the other way. These individuals engaged in these activities because they were greedy and definitely not working toward or ganizational goals. Fell (2001) states that evidence shows that firms with ethics programs have a lower percentage of inside directors on their compensation committees than do firms without ethics programs.Firms in which boards are actively snarled in the programs have more independent roads (higher percentage of independent directors and lower percentage of inside directors and are more likely to compensate outside directors with equity than are firms in which boards are not actively involved in the programs. Taken together, the evidence indicates that a board actively involved in an ethics program, and not the simple existence of an ethics program is related to the incidence of potential conflicts employees must adhere to.Maybe these ethical standards will make individuals think before they conduct illegal and unethical activities which harm stockholders and the organization. McCall (2002) states that there should be an alternative model for adjudicating between stakeholders conf licting claims of rights and it applies that method to determine what responsibilities corporate management might have to employees and how management might be held accountable for discharging those responsibilities (p. 133). Management certainly has responsibilities to the organization, the stockholders and the employees.They are supposed to conduct business in the best interest of all. Whetstone (2003) states that (1) virtue ethics and virtue oral communication is fluently used by practicing private instructors, (2) virtue engage is important to understanding managerial excellence, and (3) whereas the set of virtues defining the excellent manager can be expected to be dependent on the societal, industry, and organizational context, such a set of manager virtues can be identified and prioritize within a particular organizational milieu.The implication is that, once an organizations management better understands the meaning of the excellent manager in terms of the virtue language already used by its own employees, it is better equipped to implement a practical ethic of virtues, one helpful toward recognizing and developing excellent managers. Ethics researchers are challenged to increase their understanding of extant virtue language as the basis for a renewed development of virtue ethics speculation and applications (p. 343). All organizations should aim and retain managers as well as requiring all employees to attend ethical seminars and conferences on a each year basis.This will ensure that these individuals understand the code of ethics and their responsibilities to adhere to this code of ethics. Study of Topic richness to the Field of Education The topic of ethics is important to the field of education as well as all other fields as well as the business world. Bchamel and Bowie (2004) identify iii special wrinkles on the practice of preferential treatment (a) It is only when, (b) it is unjust, and (c) it is not Just but it is still permissible. T he argument that is the most consistent with typical American business practices is (c) it is not Just but it is still permissible.In other words, executives and employees in the business world today take the position that unethical behavior on their part is Just the way business is conducted today. Bchamel (2004) argues that even some forms of reverse discrimination can be justify as a means to the end of a nondiscriminatory society (p. 27). This caseful of behavior is illegal and cognize by the executives and employees to be wrong but individuals tend to lend a blind warmness when this type of behavior is noticed in the corporate world. For example, At the heart of the Enron scandal is a loser of corporate governance.Senior executives who permitted or encouraged misleading accounting treatment. An audit committee that signed off on misleading accounts. Individuals enriched by transactions with the company that employed them. A board that was ineffective in manage senior manag ers actions. Weightlessness complaints that was ignored r whitewashed. (http//www. Uncharacteristi thinky. Com/cars/try. CGI? Articled=1679) the Board of Directors which led to its failure and bankruptcy. I cerebrate that these individuals were that out to make themselves rich and did not care in the least about the stockholders.If the weightlessness were not disregarded, maybe Enron could have been saved before it turned into one of the largest corporate scandals in the history of the join States. The major theory that underlies workplace ethics is the stakeholder theory. According to this theory, management has an obligation to the stakeholders to make profit for the stakeholders as well as conducting business ethically. Furthermore, management must dish to the stakeholders for any wrongdoing and unethical behavior. For example, Enron executives had to answer to the stockholders as they lost their investments when the company declared bankruptcy.It is difficult for corporation s to be ethical because some managers and executives are looking to profit themselves instead of what is in the best interest of the stakeholders. The trends with regard to ethical issues in the workplace are those of employees and management who are acting unethically. For example, stealing supplies, reaching the internet during work hours, leaving early and arriving late as well as management profiting for their own best interest. As time progresses, this type of behavior will grow worse as individuals in the workplace will have less morals than they do today.Potential Significance of Study to Scholarly Literature Developing theory from the selective information without preconceived ideas is an purloin technique for this study on ethics in the workplace. Since studies examining the affect of ethical experiences are not put down in current literature, the data collected will be use to generate an original theory. The data obtained in this study Anton verify preexisting theory bec ause this is not a relevant preexisting theory on this topic to be verified. This fact further substantiates a grounded theory methodology is an appropriate methodology for this study.Necessity of Study I believe that this is an important subject as ethics is lacking in individuals, groups, workplaces and the world today. I believe that most leaders, managers and employees act unethically in the workplace. Bchamel and Bowie (2004) identify three primary arguments on the practice of preferential treatment (a) It is Just, (b) it is unjust, and (c) it is not Just but it is still permissible. The argument that is the most consistent with typical American business practices is (c) it is not Just but it is still permissible.In other words, executives and employees in the business world today take the position that unethical behavior on their part is Just the way business is conducted today. Bchamel (2004) argues that even some forms of reverse discrimination can be Justified as a means to the end of a nondiscriminatory society (p. 327). This type of behavior is illegal and known by the executives and employees to be wrong but individuals tend to lend a blind eye when this type of behavior is noticed in the corporate world.I am currently employed at The Travelers Companies as a Senior Paralegal in its Special Liability Group where I handle large commercial claims. I make my own decisions on the files that I handle including setting the reserves on a claim and supervising outside counsel until the for fifteen years. Travelers is a large company with offices all over the world so there is high growth potential as well as promotional material opportunities within the Company. My department at work consists of seven claim attorneys, two secretaries and myself (the senior paralegal).My writing table, in particular, comes to work late perfunctory, calls in sick frequently, surfs the internet all day long, gets her hair done during work hours every four weeks, attends a we ekly doctors appointment during work hours and socializes with coworkers for long amounts of time. Furthermore, we enter our own time into our piece resources database, and I know for a fact that this secretary does not account for all the time she takes off, etc. In other words, she is getting more days off then she is allowed as I unbroken track of when she took off last year.All of these actions are a violation of my companys honesty and ethics policies. Han Cheesy Koch, El Tree H Y Boo (2004) states that organizational ethics is positively associated with not only monetary performance but also employee attitudes. While it is obvious that organizational ethics are intended to guide and influence employee behavior (e. G. , in dealing with ethical dilemma and avoiding unethical situations), it is not obvious what family relationship exists between organizational ethics and employee attitudes. (p. 77) Furthermore, I know that my secretary could care less about her traffic or t he company as she has told me so on several occasions. She does not really ant to work but has to because her husband does not make much money. She would much rather sit at phratry and watch television. In fact, that is all she does when she is not at work. I would say that she does not have a high level of Job satisfaction and is not motivated toward company goals. I Just do not understand her lack of motivation as my company is a great place to work and we get very competitive raises each year.I believe that the situation that I have described is twain an ethical decision and a moral decision. First, my secretary is not behaving to the standard which I was taught to act and behave. I have a conscious and was raised to be an honest person. My father always said that fetching even a pen from work was stealing. Second, my secretary actions are morally incorrect as they go against every value that I was ever taught. When we go to work, we should be productive and work toward the go als of the organization. We should adhere to the standards of the organization as well as our own standards.My secretary is clearly not adhering to any standards whatsoever. She is taking up space and collecting a paycheck she does not deserve. Furthermore, my secretary actions since I have been with this department (for he past five years) are causing me a high level of dissonance because I believe that a persons work ethic should be of the highest degree. I wish every day that I was her supervisor so I could terminate her employment. I Just cannot believe that our supervisor does not see what she does everyday and those human resources do not scrutinize the time entries more closely.I have thought about state something to my supervisor but what this secretary does or does not do at work is none of my business. Furthermore, my secretarys actions makes me penury to come in late, surf he internet instead of working, take long lunches everyday and roll in the hay on my time also. I f she can do it, so can l. However, I cannot be unethical as I was raised to be honest. Also, I have a high regard for my organizations success. However, my hotlist which you can call reporting any violations of its ethics and honestly policies. It is an 800 number and you need not give your name.I reported my secretary using this hotlist. This report is forwarded to her direct supervisor as well as human resources and an investigation is conducted. I Just could not let this activity continue as it does against every belief and value that I have. I do not feel that this type of behavior in the workplace or anywhere else for that matter should be allowed to occur. I was raised to be an honest person who worked to achieve what I intrust as well as the goals of the organization. Frankly, I hope she is terminated even through she has been with my organization for twenty-five years.I do not think she adds any productive resources to my organization and is Just taking up. Conclusion In c onclusion, this paper discussed the purpose statement, problem statement, topic background, necessity of study, importance of topic to the field of education as ell as the potential significance of the study to scholarly literature with regard to my research study entitled Employees Perspectives of Ethics in the Workplace. I believe this topic is important because if individuals and the world around us continues in its current state, there will not be an ethics whatsoever when my children grow up.

Pak China Friendship

In early 1960s, the regional and international environment played an important role in bringing rough an upswing in Pakistan- chinaware relations. china, which was at a lower place the strong pressure of the West led by the US in those days of the Cold state of war as shown by the establishment of SEATO and had fought a war with India because of their territorial dispute, needed fri finishs to end its international closing off and counter India in South Asia. Pakistan because of its strained relations with India was in search of friends in its neighbourhood to neutralise, to around extent, Indias index superiority. main knowledge base China met the demands of Pakistans strategic compulsions.Pakistans realisation of the strategic importance of its familiarity with China increased as it became acutely aware of the unreliability of the Western fight in each conflict with India. The 1965 Pakistan-India war confirmed these apprehensions. The global strategic environment underwent a dramatic change in the 1970s with the rapprochement betwixt the US and China, in which Pakistan had played an important role, to counter the perceived pledge threat posed by the Soviet Union to both Washington and capital of Red China. Thus, the Western impediment to the modify of Pakistan-China relations was removed.In fact, following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, both Pakistan and the US needed and secured Chinas support to defeat the Soviet occupation through the Afghan jihad. The end of the Cold War in 1991 brought about an other(a) dramatic transformation of the global strategic scenario. For about a ex after the end of the Cold War, the US loomed large on the global scene like a colossus. No other country matched its enormous military power and sparing strength. There were signs of concern in the 1990s on the part of China about the emergence of the US as the global hegemon and the unipolarity of the international political system.This end also witnessed the com mencement of the process of the strengthening of US-India relations to contain China and the imposition of the US economic and military sanctions against Pakistan because of its nuclear programme. These developments brought Pakistan and China adjacentr together. The result was increased Pakistan-China cooperation in various fields, including the field of nuclear technology. Pakistans need for Chinas support and cooperation increased also because of the intensification of the freedom movement in the Indian Occupied Kashmir andthe resultant tensions in Pakistan-India relations. The US unipolar moment soon passed. The first decade of the 21st century witnessed the commencement of a radical reconfiguration of the global strategic scenario driven by Chinas phenomenal economic progress and rise as a leading global power. The fountain of policies of economic reforms and opening to the outside field in 1979, under Chinas paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, unleashed powerful forces that acc elerated Chinas economic harvest to dizzying heights.Consequently, its GDP grew five times between 1979 and 1998 as against the target of fourfold increase. Since 1998, China has recorded growth rates averaging about nine pct per annum, propelling it to the position of the second biggest economy in the world. Chinas GDP during the current course of instruction is expected to reach the figure of $9. 2 trillion as against the US gross domestic crossroad of $16. 3 trillion. In purchasing power parity (PPP) ground, its GDP would reach the figure of $13. 9 trillion during the current year.According to latest projections, China will overtake the US economy in PPP terms within the next few years and in nominal terms some time in the next decade. In 2012, it overtook the US as the worlds biggest trading nation in goods with the unite total of its exports and imports reaching the amount of $3. 87 trillion as against the $3. 82 trillion for the US. The rapid growth of Chinas economy has also enabled it to increase its military expenditure at a ready rate to safeguard its security interests. its annual military expenditure is currently about $106 billion as against $36 billion for India.However, its military expenditure is still a very small proportion of the US annual military expenditure. Such a massive shift in the global balance of power can non but put one over far-reaching implications for international politics. The US ability to impose its will on the rest of the world in the economic field is fast eroding. Correspondingly, the effectiveness of its economic sanctions against foreign countries will also decline. It has compel the US to pivot its naval forces to the Asia-Pacific region where it will deploy 60 percent of its naval assets by 2020.It is strengthening its alliances in Asia with Australia, Japan and South Korea. It is trying to checkmate Chinas territorial claims in South China Sea by extending political support particularly to Vietnam and the P hilippines. Above all, from the point of suck of both Pakistan and China, the US is engaged in close cooperation with India in economic, military and nuclear fields to second build it up as a major world power of the 21st century with a view to containing the expansion of Chinas influence in South Asia and the Indian Ocean region.The development rivalry between the US and China, and the US efforts to build up India as a bulwark against China, have important strategic implications for Pakistan. The growth in the depth, and the extent of US-India cooperation, is likely to push Pakistan closer to China as a counterweight to Indias possible hegemony in South Asia. US threats of sanctions against Pakistan because of its decision to proceed with the Iran-Pakistan screw up pipeline project will further hasten this process. On the other hand, these developments will deepen Chinas inclination to develop closer relations with Pakistan.Thus, from purely a strategic point of view, the futur e tense prospects of Pakistan-China relations are quite bright. It was against this background that during the fifth round of the Pakistan-China Strategic Dialogue held in Beijing in November 2012, Pakistans Foreign Secretary and the Chinese Vice Foreign Minister agreed that Pakistan and China needed to close ranks to face the extraordinary global and regional challenges. However, there is no room for complacency.Pakistans bilateral trade with China, which was estimated to be $10.6 billion in 2011, was far behind the Indo-China trade of $80 billion. We must, therefore, liquidate special attention to the building up of Pakistan-China relations in economic, commercial and cultural fields, while maintaining close cooperation in political and military fields. Future possibilities of economic and commercial cooperation include a rail cogitate between Pakistan and China, oil and gas pipelines through Pakistan to connect Xinjiang and the rest of China with the Strait of Hormuz and West A sia via the land route, and a rapid increase in bilateral trade.However, Pakistan would have to put its own house in order, reorder its domestic priorities, energise its private sector, and streamline its procedures to take full advantage of the opportunities that beckon us. On the political side, we should be sensitive to Chinas concerns about the activities of the Taliban and other religious extremists in so far as the situation in Xinjiang province of China is concerned. Religious moderation is good not only for our internal political health, but also for our relations with China.